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James C. Goodale〔Goodale, James C. "(Only Nixon Harmed a Free Press More )." ''The New York Times''. May 21, 2013. Retrieved on June 23, 2013.〕 (born July 27, 1933) was the former vice president and general counsel for ''The New York Times'' and, later, the ''Times' '' vice chairman. He is the author of ''Fighting for the Press: the Inside Story of the Pentagon Papers and Other Battles''. The book was named twice as the best non-fiction book of 2013 by Alan Rusbridger, editor in chief of ''The Guardian'', and Alan Clanton, editor of the online ''Thursday Review''. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cited "Fighting for the Press" in its decision May 7, 2015, limiting the controversial National Security Agency (NSA) domestic phone monitoring program.〔A.C.L.U. v. Clapper (2015 WL 2097814 (C.A.2 (N.Y.))〕 He represented the ''Times'' in four of its United States Supreme Court cases, including ''Branzburg v. Hayes'' in which the ''Times'' intervened on behalf of its reporter Earl Caldwell.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1971/1971_70_57 )〕 The other cases were ''New York Times v. Sullivan'', ''New York Times Co. v. United States'' (the Pentagon Papers case), and ''New York Times Co. v. Tasini''. He was the leading force behind the ''Times decision to publish the Pentagon Papers in 1971.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Rick )〕 After the ''Times' '' outside counsel, Lord Day & Lord, advised the ''Times'' against publishing classified information and quit when the United States Justice Department threatened to sue the paper to stop publication, Goodale led his own legal team and directed the strategy that resulted in winning the Supreme Court case of New York Times Co. v. United States. He has been called "the father of the reporter's privilege" because of his interpretation of the ''Branzburg'' case in the ''Hastings Law Journal''. This led to the establishment of a reporter's privilege to protect sources in most states and federal circuits.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.rcfp.org/reporters-privilege )〕 Goodale created the specialty of First Amendment law among commercial lawyers. From 1972-2007 he established and chaired an annual Communications Law Seminar at the Practising Law Institute.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pli.edu/Content/OnDemand/Communications_Law_in_the_Digital_Age_2013/_/N-4nZ1z12ok0?fromsearch=false&ID=158498 )〕 This led to the creation of a First Amendment Bar.〔 He continues to serve as the seminar's chairman emeritus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pli.edu/Content/Faculty/James_C_Goodale/_/N-4oZ1z13fxt?ID=PE188024 )〕 After he left ''The New York Times'' in 1980, he joined the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP in New York City. there he founded a corporate group and a litigation group dealing with media, communications, and the First Amendment. These groups have represented many well-known U.S. communication entities including the ''New York Times'', CBS, and NBC. He served as chairman of the board for the Committee to Protect Journalists from 1989 - 1994.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.cpj.org/about/board-of-directors.php#jcg )〕 During his tenure he built CPJ into a significant international force, instrumental in the release of imprisoned journalists around the globe. From 1995-2010 he produced and hosted over 300 programs for ''Digital Age'' on WNYE-TV, a TV show about the effect of the internet on media and society. Since 1977 he has taught First Amendment and Communications law at Yale, New York University and Fordham law schools〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jamesgoodale.net/biography.html )〕 and has authored over 200 articles in publications such as ''The New York Times'', ''The New York Review of Books'', and the ''Stanford Law Review''. ''Columbia Journalism Review'' has listed James Goodale as one of 200 who shaped New York Media. He was named by ''Time'' magazine in 1974 as one of the rising leaders in the United States. Goodale was the recipient of the "Champion of the First Amendment Award," from the American Bar Association Forum in February 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jamesgoodale.net/images/ABA_Award_Text.pdf )〕 On May 5, 2015, PEN America awarded the 2015 PEN/Toni and James C. Goodale Freedom of Expression Courage Award to the French satirical weekly, Charlie Hebdo.〔http://www.pen.org/press-clip/2015/03/25/charlie-hebdo-magazine-receive-pen-award〕 Many of that magazines' editors had been killed in a homegrown jihadist terrorist attack.〔http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/12/-sp-charlie-hebdo-attackers-kids-france-radicalised-paris〕 The award caused an international controversy as to whether it should have been given to Charlie Hebdo.〔https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/04/27/read-letters-comments-pen-writers-protesting-charlie-hebdo-award/〕〔http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/02/opinion/why-were-honoring-charlie-hebdo.html?_r=0〕 Over 200 writers signed a protest against the award and many withdrew from the PEN dinner at which the award was given.〔http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/05/books/charlie-hebdo-award-at-pen-gala-sparks-more-debate.html〕 In reply to attack on the award given by him and his wife, Goodale said, "the award is not for what is said. It's for the right to say it. In this case, journalists got killed for what they said. They should be honored, and my wife and I are extremely proud to do that."〔http://www.thenation.com/article/206313/sorry-charlie〕 ==Education and Early Career== Goodale was born July 27, 1933 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His mother, a college professor, was the daughter of the Shakespearean scholar Oscar James Campbell, Jr. who wrote ''The Readers Encyclopedia of Shakespeare''. Goodale graduated from Yale University in 1955, which he attended on the William Brinckerhoff Jackson Scholarship and was a member of Elihu. At Yale, he played on the baseball and hockey teams. He received his Juris Doctorate from the University of Chicago Law School in 1958, which he attended on a National Honor Scholarship. From 1959 to 1963, he worked for the Wall Street law firm of Lord Day & Lord. That firm was also the long time outside counsel of ''The New York Times''. During this time, he also served for six years in the Army Reserve as a strategic and intelligence research analyst, which influenced his views on overclassification and convinced him it was not a crime to publish classified information.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Goodale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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